WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

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Air conditioners are pretty cool.

00:00:02.070 --> 00:00:03.020
*awkward pause*

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But there’s an increasingly
popular variety of them that figuratively

00:00:06.590 --> 00:00:08.420
and literally sucks.

00:00:08.420 --> 00:00:09.420
That would be...

00:00:09.420 --> 00:00:11.080
these bundles of joy.

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Portable air conditioners seem to be taking
the world by storm, or at least have taken

00:00:15.769 --> 00:00:18.940
the air conditioner isle of the hardware store
by storm.

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But are they any good?

00:00:20.260 --> 00:00:24.400
Do these cold-making machines have what it
takes to usurp the traditional window unit?

00:00:24.400 --> 00:00:25.380
No.

00:00:25.380 --> 00:00:28.400
Portable air conditioners are actually kinda…

00:00:28.400 --> 00:00:29.360
bad.

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Now it’s not like they don’t work!

00:00:30.980 --> 00:00:32.969
And some of them aren’t quite as bad as
most.

00:00:32.969 --> 00:00:35.420
Plus, they can really come in handy.

00:00:35.420 --> 00:00:39.159
This one here is serving duty precisely because
the window it’s venting through isn’t

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really suited to holding a window unit in
place with any sense of confidence.

00:00:43.000 --> 00:00:44.980
And I know because I tried.

00:00:44.980 --> 00:00:47.719
Yes, this here is the symbol of my shame.

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The air conditioner that was never meant to
be.

00:00:50.410 --> 00:00:54.320
But luckily for you I didn’t return it because
it’s gonna be a great visual aid!

00:00:54.320 --> 00:00:58.280
Now, in this video I’m going to argue that
if you need an air conditioner you should

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gravitate towards these simple window units
and away from those trendy portable units

00:01:03.180 --> 00:01:04.710
*if you can*.

00:01:04.710 --> 00:01:08.320
And to find out why, we need to learn a little
bit about air conditioning.

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Air conditioners are mechanical devices which
collect and concentrate heat energy in order

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to move it from one place to another.

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The cold air they create is in fact ordinary
air that’s had its heat energy sucked right

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out of it.

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And of course, we can’t just bottle that
energy up

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(though that would be super cool if we could figure that out)

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so instead we
move it somewhere else--usually to outside air.

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And inside every air conditioner you’ll
find three essential parts that make that happen.

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This is the basis of nearly every air conditioning
and refrigeration system in service today.

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The black cylinder contains a compressor which
squeezes a gas called a refrigerant into a

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small space, decreasing its volume and increasing
the pressure it’s under.

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The high pressure gas, which has now gotten
quite hot thanks to the fact that it just

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got compressed, travels through these pipes
into the second key component; the condenser.

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The condenser is a heat exchanger designed
to cool that hot gas down as quickly as possible.

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The densely spaced fins increase its surface
area to speed up the heat transfer, and a

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fan helps to speed it along even more by blowing
air across the fins.

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Since the refrigerant is now pressurized,
its boiling point has increased.

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And in fact, its boiling point has increased
so much that once we get it down to something

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like 130 or 150 degrees, it will condense
into a liquid.

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So, as the hot gas winds its way through all
these pipes and its heat energy gets transferred

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to the air, it slowly turns into a liquid,
releasing a ton of heat energy as it does so.

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Now here’s where the magic happens.

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That liquid is being held back by a metering
device such as a thermal expansion valve,

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to keep the pressure high in the condenser
and limit the amount of liquid refrigerant

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that can pass through.

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This basic air conditioner uses a capillary
tube, a long copper tube with a very small

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internal diameter, to restrict the refrigerant
and thus limit its flow.

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But once it makes it through to the other
side, it finds itself in a second heat exchanger,

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called the evaporator.

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This one is functionally identical to the
condenser, except the pressure inside here

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is much, much lower thanks to the suction
created by the intake side of the compressor.

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Once inside here, the refrigerant can relax,
and its boiling point suddenly shoots way

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way down, like into the well-below-zero territory.

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And that means it’s gonna spontaneously
boil --or evaporate-- because, well, it’s

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too hot for it to remain a liquid.

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But to change phases back into a gas, it needs
to get energy from somewhere.

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And luckily, the fins of the evaporator help
it absorb the energy in the room, and the

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effect is that the room gets colder.

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In effect the heat energy inside the room
is being used to warm up the refrigerant as

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it evaporates.

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Thinking about this can be kinda weird because
we like to think of the evaporator as getting cold,

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which it is, but it’s getting cold
because it’s pulling heat energy out of

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the air and into the refrigerant inside of
it.

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Coldness is really just less concentrated
heat energy, and since heat likes to go towards

00:04:04.180 --> 00:04:09.760
cold places to spread out, it naturally finds
its way (with the help of a fan).

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After the refrigerant has absorbed as much
energy as it can, it reenters the compressor

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where the cycle starts all over again.

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Once it’s under high pressure, it will be
able to condense into a liquid again, releasing

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the energy it just absorbed to the outside
air through the condenser.

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Now, I don’t want to get too far into the
physics of how this works, nor talk about

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what makes refrigerants special and why they
have been and continue to be a notoriously

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tricky set of chemicals to manage, so all
I really need you to know for this video is

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there’s a compressor, a hot side, and a
cold side.

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If we’re cooling a room, we want the hot
side outside and the cold side inside.

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Then we can move the heat energy from inside
the room to the outside air, cooling the room.

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So, let’s take a look at where these components
are when the window unit is in operation.

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When resting in a window, the bulk of the
machine is actually outside of the space it’s cooling.

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The compressor and condenser are both outside,
and thanks to the generous amount of styrofoam

00:05:06.120 --> 00:05:09.210
insulation, we get a pretty good thermal barrier.

00:05:09.210 --> 00:05:14.240
When cooling, none of the actual air in the
room is moved outside--only the refrigerant,

00:05:14.240 --> 00:05:17.710
and thus the heat energy it’s absorbed,
makes it out.

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This maximises efficiency.

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If you have a central air conditioning system,
you probably have what’s called a split system.

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Here, the compressor and condenser (along
with a cooling fan) are contained in a single

00:05:28.550 --> 00:05:33.710
unit which sits outside, and copper refrigerant
lines are run into the building to a separate

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evaporator located in an air handler or incorporated
in a furnace.

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See?

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It’s a split system, as the evaporator and
condenser are split apart.

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These systems are highly efficient, with the
entire hot side located outside and away from

00:05:48.040 --> 00:05:52.550
the living space, and only a tiny hole is
required in the home’s thermal barrier to

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move the refrigerant in and out.

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Alright, and now let’s take a look at a
portable air conditioner.

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You may notice that the entire machine is
inside.

00:06:01.320 --> 00:06:06.980
That means not only is the cold side inside,
the hot side is inside, too.

00:06:06.980 --> 00:06:07.980
Well.

00:06:07.980 --> 00:06:08.980
That’s not great.

00:06:08.980 --> 00:06:12.920
We want the energy being absorbed by the evaporator
and released into the condenser to make its

00:06:12.920 --> 00:06:14.400
way outside somehow.

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So, what to portable air conditioners do?

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They suck in indoor air through these vents,
blow it across the condenser to cool it off,

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and then push it outside through that hose.

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That last sentence is very important.

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They pull in air through these vents,

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air that they just cooled, mind you,

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and blow it outside.

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That sounds pretty friggin stupid, just on
its face.

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Now, it’s not like it doesn’t work.

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If these didn’t work they wouldn’t be
nearly as popular as they are.

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Also!

00:06:41.680 --> 00:06:45.920
Two-hose portable air conditioners, which
suck in *outside* air to cool the condenser

00:06:45.920 --> 00:06:50.830
and then blow it back out in two separate
hoses, are available, but they are an increasingly

00:06:50.830 --> 00:06:54.640
rare part of the portable air conditioner
universe and the vast majority on sale are

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single-hose units just like this one.

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So, if this machine relies on drawing air
in through these vent slots to cool the condenser,

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and then has to barf the now hot air outside,
that means not only is it sacrificing some

00:07:06.880 --> 00:07:11.580
of the cool air it just generated, it’s
also creating a low pressure environment in

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whatever space it’s in.

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Now the air pressure outside room is greater
than the inside.

00:07:16.860 --> 00:07:20.870
And that means that outside air is going to
make its way in through the walls to replenish

00:07:20.870 --> 00:07:22.650
the air that just left.

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You can’t just expel air from a room without
it getting replaced somehow

00:07:26.360 --> 00:07:30.030
(otherwise you’re in a vacuum chamber and I advise you leave as soon as possible).

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And what replaces it is ultimately the hot
outside air that you’re fighting against.

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Genius!

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And thus we’re at the core of this issue.

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Single-hose portable air conditioners will
always be significantly less efficient than

00:07:41.930 --> 00:07:45.770
a window unit because they’re not just pulling
the heat energy out of your room.

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They’re also pulling the air out, too.

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In fact, if you go to a hardware store and
take a look at a fresh assortment of portable units,

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you’ll often find that they have
two cooling capacities listed these days.

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Why?

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Well, because newer testing methods are accounting
for the losses brought about by this hose,

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so while the unit may technically be able
to move 8,000 BTUs per hour, thanks to the

00:08:07.370 --> 00:08:12.200
warm air it’s drawing back in (as well as
its own cold air it’s blowing back out)

00:08:12.200 --> 00:08:16.050
it’s effectively only moving 6,000 BTUs
per hour.

00:08:16.050 --> 00:08:19.040
So, basically it’s 25% less efficient.

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But it’s actually much worse than that!

00:08:21.200 --> 00:08:25.790
This little 5,000 BTU window unit consumes
455 watts.

00:08:25.790 --> 00:08:31.440
If we take a look at this 5,500 BTU portable
unit from LG, you’ll see that it uses over

00:08:31.440 --> 00:08:32.440
a kilowatt!

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That’s more than double the input power
required to generate only 10% more cooling.

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A window unit that consumes that much power
can produce roughly double the cooling capacity.

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So yeah.

00:08:44.270 --> 00:08:45.270
Eek.

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Now I’m not here to say that these are terrible
devices and you’re a fool if you own one.

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‘Cause I’d be calling myself a fool twice
if that were the case.

00:08:53.689 --> 00:08:57.839
But I will say that in general, these should
be your last resort.

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If you have the option to use a traditional
window unit, take it.

00:09:01.610 --> 00:09:05.730
It’s much more energy efficient and it will
cost less to run.

00:09:05.730 --> 00:09:07.259
And yeah, I get it.

00:09:07.259 --> 00:09:08.259
They’re ugly.

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They block your view from the window.

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They’re not exactly attractive from the
outside either.

00:09:12.180 --> 00:09:15.319
But it’s not just energy efficiency that
they’re better at.

00:09:15.319 --> 00:09:17.019
Air conditioners are noisy.

00:09:17.019 --> 00:09:21.240
They’re noisy because they’re mechanical
devices, with a buzzy compressor and two droning

00:09:21.240 --> 00:09:23.300
fans moving air around.

00:09:23.300 --> 00:09:28.230
With a traditional window unit, the compressor
and one of the two fans are outside.

00:09:28.230 --> 00:09:31.940
Thanks to that thermal insulation, you get
a lot of sound insulation, too.

00:09:31.940 --> 00:09:36.040
You’ll certainly notice a difference when
the compressor is on versus when it’s not,

00:09:36.040 --> 00:09:37.780
but it’s often pretty subtle.

00:09:37.780 --> 00:09:42.200
Especially because, as is the case for many
windows units, the same motor drives the indoor

00:09:42.200 --> 00:09:47.760
blower fan and the condenser fan, so the only
part that cycles on and off is the compressor.

00:09:48.080 --> 00:09:50.420
[sound of fan running]

00:09:50.720 --> 00:09:56.320
[sound level increases slightly as compressor kicks in]

00:09:57.320 --> 00:09:59.540
And of course, split systems are even quieter

00:09:59.540 --> 00:10:02.740
because the loud parts are nowhere near the
living space.

00:10:03.320 --> 00:10:07.720
[compressor and fan switch on]

00:10:09.560 --> 00:10:11.220
Compare that to this thing.

00:10:11.230 --> 00:10:15.339
Not only is the compressor now inside the
room you’re trying to work or sleep in,

00:10:15.339 --> 00:10:17.300
but so is the condenser fan.

00:10:17.300 --> 00:10:21.560
The result is that it’s not that noisy when
it’s only running the circulator fan.

00:10:21.560 --> 00:10:26.320
But when its thermostat calls for cooling,
it gets way, way louder!

00:10:26.320 --> 00:10:31.240
Suddenly, the compressor kicks in (which again,
is inside the room) and a second fan turns

00:10:31.240 --> 00:10:33.540
on to expel the heat from the condenser.

00:10:33.540 --> 00:10:38.050
It’s a good thing the condenser fan shuts
off when it’s not actively cooling, as otherwise

00:10:38.050 --> 00:10:40.660
it would suck even more air out the room.

00:10:40.660 --> 00:10:44.319
But it means there’s a stark difference
in noise levels between not cooling.

00:10:44.320 --> 00:10:47.460
[a moderately quiet fan noise]

00:10:48.000 --> 00:10:49.120
And cooling.

00:10:50.300 --> 00:10:53.940
[compressor kicks in, and a second, much louder
fan spins up at the same time]

00:10:54.200 --> 00:10:56.080
[it's really quite dreadful]

00:10:56.920 --> 00:11:00.800
And if you’re trying to sleep in the same
room as one of these, you’ll have to put

00:11:00.800 --> 00:11:05.980
up with it going from pretty quiet to loud
as hell and back over and over again.

00:11:05.980 --> 00:11:10.720
This is a cheap in-house brand unit from that
place where you save big money so I wasn’t

00:11:10.720 --> 00:11:15.499
expecting it to be whisper quiet, but I’ve
also got a more proper unit from LG that,

00:11:15.499 --> 00:11:19.310
while a little more elegant in the way it
handles the transition from cooling to not

00:11:19.310 --> 00:11:24.160
cooling and vice versa, is still much much
louder when it’s cooling.

00:11:24.480 --> 00:11:25.980
[fan noise]

00:11:26.720 --> 00:11:28.620
[a second fan spins up]

00:11:29.400 --> 00:11:32.280
[compressor kicks in]

00:11:34.880 --> 00:11:36.440
I’m a pretty heavy sleeper, and even for

00:11:36.449 --> 00:11:40.459
me it can be a challenge to ignore the thing
and fall asleep.

00:11:40.459 --> 00:11:44.040
And another thing to consider is that while
window units steal a bigger chunk of your

00:11:44.040 --> 00:11:46.300
windows, they don’t steal your floor space.

00:11:46.300 --> 00:11:50.980
Portable units aren’t small and they can’t
sit flush against the wall thanks to the hose,

00:11:50.990 --> 00:11:54.550
so be prepared to re-arrange a little furniture.

00:11:54.550 --> 00:11:55.690
And by the way.

00:11:55.690 --> 00:11:56.690
That hose?

00:11:56.690 --> 00:11:57.690
It gets hot!

00:11:57.690 --> 00:12:01.649
That heat energy it just concentrated isn’t
gonna go away without a fight, and since this

00:12:01.649 --> 00:12:05.879
hose isn’t insulated at all, some if it
is coming right back into the room.

00:12:05.880 --> 00:12:07.100
Fantastic.

00:12:07.100 --> 00:12:07.900
But, I’ll admit.

00:12:07.900 --> 00:12:09.820
Portable A/C units are handy.

00:12:09.820 --> 00:12:11.200
Really handy.

00:12:11.209 --> 00:12:14.080
They don’t need proper installation like
a window unit does

00:12:14.080 --> 00:12:16.110
(which is quite a pain, I might add).

00:12:16.110 --> 00:12:20.420
They can easily be moved from room to room
thanks to the wheels they’re on

00:12:20.420 --> 00:12:22.440
(that’s why the call them portable).

00:12:22.440 --> 00:12:26.879
And they fit window types that might otherwise
be unable to accommodate an air conditioner,

00:12:26.879 --> 00:12:29.500
such as vertical windows or even patio doors.

00:12:29.500 --> 00:12:32.700
You could even run them through a small dedicated vent, if you choose.

00:12:33.140 --> 00:12:38.700
But sadly, their single-hose design makes
them, honestly, a terrible device when it

00:12:38.709 --> 00:12:40.149
comes to efficiency.

00:12:40.149 --> 00:12:43.439
I’d like to see more double-hose units available
for sale.

00:12:43.439 --> 00:12:48.440
They’re still gonna have the noise and floorspace
disadvantages, but they at least regain much

00:12:48.440 --> 00:12:50.260
of their efficiency back.

00:12:50.260 --> 00:12:55.460
Last year I tried a portable mini-split system,
with a separate outdoor compressor and condenser

00:12:55.470 --> 00:12:59.939
unit, and an indoor evaporator unit connected
via a flexible refrigerant hose.

00:12:59.940 --> 00:13:04.900
Sadly, my unit had a refrigerant leak and
stopped working after a few weeks.

00:13:04.900 --> 00:13:09.920
It looks like that’s a common problem, but
let me tell you it was blissful while it worked.

00:13:09.920 --> 00:13:12.250
Quiet, efficient, and effective.

00:13:12.250 --> 00:13:16.879
I’d like to see this product get more development,
but I also understand that it’s got way

00:13:16.879 --> 00:13:19.370
more limitations than even a window unit.

00:13:19.370 --> 00:13:24.149
Unless you want to get creative with some
sort of exterior wall bracketing, this is

00:13:24.149 --> 00:13:28.340
limited to a ground-floor room or a room with
a balcony or something similar.

00:13:28.340 --> 00:13:28.840
But anyway.

00:13:28.840 --> 00:13:32.600
If we’re gonna keep using these things,
can we please get more dual-hose units?

00:13:32.600 --> 00:13:37.430
I get that they’re less flexible, particularly
with vertical or narrow windows, and so are

00:13:37.430 --> 00:13:42.689
probably less desirable, but hopefully with
more people aware of the energy losses caused

00:13:42.689 --> 00:13:47.270
by continuously pushing the air out of your
home, we’ll see increased demand.

00:13:47.270 --> 00:13:52.869
Still, if you’re looking for an air conditioner
in a situation where a window unit could work--you’re

00:13:52.869 --> 00:13:55.579
seriously better off going with the window
unit.

00:13:55.579 --> 00:14:00.740
Contrary to what you might think, portable
units are certainly not an upgrade.

00:14:00.740 --> 00:14:01.740
Other than their portableness.

00:14:01.740 --> 00:14:03.640
That’s, that’s pretty cool.

00:14:04.200 --> 00:14:08.200
Thanks for watching, and I hope you found
this video to be as cool as a correctly charged

00:14:08.200 --> 00:14:09.740
air conditioning system.

00:14:10.460 --> 00:14:14.700
I do want to explore air conditioning a little
more because I find it fascinating.

00:14:14.709 --> 00:14:18.990
The way that we exploit the physical properties
of certain gasses to make heat energy move

00:14:18.990 --> 00:14:22.260
where we want it to go is kinda mind-blowing.

00:14:22.260 --> 00:14:26.019
Oh, and by the way, not all refrigerants are
crazy complex chemicals.

00:14:26.019 --> 00:14:30.180
Some small refrigerators and air conditioners
are starting to be charged with propane.

00:14:30.180 --> 00:14:34.670
Propane, also known as R290, is becoming an
increasingly common refrigerant thanks to

00:14:34.670 --> 00:14:38.060
its abundance and relative environmental harmlessness.

00:14:38.060 --> 00:14:42.410
Unfortunately it’s also flammable which
makes servicing these a little tricky, and

00:14:42.410 --> 00:14:46.410
makes it unsuitable for larger units which
need a lot of refrigerant.

00:14:46.410 --> 00:14:49.709
But especially for small, cheap units like
these things that are likely to simply be

00:14:49.709 --> 00:14:53.300
disposed of when they die rather than actually
serviced,

00:14:53.300 --> 00:14:55.360
it’s a great opportunity to use it.

00:14:55.360 --> 00:14:59.840
This machine, though, while it is charged
with a flammable refrigerant, uses difluoromethane,

00:14:59.840 --> 00:15:01.040
or R32.

00:15:01.040 --> 00:15:04.810
Of course, thanks to everyone who supports
the channel on Patreon, with a special thanks

00:15:04.810 --> 00:15:07.509
to the fine folks you see scrolling up your
screen.

00:15:07.509 --> 00:15:11.630
If you’d like to join these people in supporting
the channel, there’s now a new perk!

00:15:11.630 --> 00:15:16.089
All patrons have access to the patreon-only
Technology Connections Discord server.

00:15:16.089 --> 00:15:20.189
So, if Discord’s your jam, you can join
these other folks by linking your Discord

00:15:20.189 --> 00:15:22.269
account to your Patreon account.

00:15:22.269 --> 00:15:27.410
And as always, early video access, occasional
(very occasional) behind-the-scenes videos,

00:15:27.410 --> 00:15:31.029
and other patreon-only stuff is available
to you as well.

00:15:31.029 --> 00:15:33.420
Thanks for your consideration, and I’ll
see you next time!

00:15:34.420 --> 00:15:36.620
♫ icy smooth jazz ♫

00:15:38.580 --> 00:15:41.680
...the cold air they create is in fact ordinary
air, eh.

00:15:41.680 --> 00:15:43.680
Eugh, eugh blaugh ugh.

00:15:44.300 --> 00:15:46.980
I’m--this tone is all wrong.

00:15:47.940 --> 00:15:48.900
OK…

00:15:53.200 --> 00:15:56.280
maybe move at like a pace that makes
sense.

00:15:56.280 --> 00:15:57.380
Yeah, that’s written wrong.

00:15:58.040 --> 00:15:59.440
Well, that’s fine.

00:15:59.960 --> 00:16:02.200
And now I will record that line as written!

00:16:02.660 --> 00:16:06.400
Or at least have taken the hardware isle of
the air condition… the hardware!

00:16:07.300 --> 00:16:08.840
Arghh… nope.

00:16:08.840 --> 00:16:10.300
Air conditioners are nois…

00:16:10.360 --> 00:16:12.520
I should move this again.

00:16:12.520 --> 00:16:16.360
Coldness is really just less concentrated
heat energy, and sint he…

00:16:18.100 --> 00:16:19.000
Augh!

00:16:19.000 --> 00:16:19.500
Sint.

00:16:19.500 --> 00:16:20.000
Since heat!

00:16:20.000 --> 00:16:20.500
SINCE heat!

00:16:20.500 --> 00:16:21.180
It’s a wo...the Since!

00:16:21.440 --> 00:16:21.940
Since is the word.

00:16:22.120 --> 00:16:22.740
Since.

